Gamma camera quality control qc requires several test procedures which involve experienced staff. The first scintillation camera or gamma camera proposed by hal anger 1957 consisted of a singlepinhole collimator, a 4indiameter by 14inthick naitl crystal, seven 1. Development of nemabased software for gamma camera quality control andrew rova,1 anna celler,2,3 and ghassan hamarneh1 we have developed a crossplatform software applica tion that implements all of the basic standardized nuclear medicine scintillation camera quality control analyses, thus serving as an independent complement to camera. The content has been established from the contributions of many persons and represents a wide range of situations from around the world and from scintillation camera systems produced by different manufacturers. A range of gamma and xray energies, which are to be accepted and processed. Photopeak daily ensure isotope energy level centered. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body or the distribution of. A gamma camera is a perfect device for detecting nuclear fission products from either nuclear detonations or nuclear power plant reactors accidents. Review of the gamma camera quality control program. Regulations, radiation protection, gamma camera quality control, pet, petct quality control.
In our case the selection of the platform used to code the application was based on the following considerations. Quality control of gamma camera using phantom free download as powerpoint presentation. Gamma camera is a major imaging device used in nuclear medicine. In addition, quality control tests to assure good image quality are described. The first talk will discuss the components of gamma cameras, image formation principles, and performance characteristics, such as spatial resolution, sensitivity, and energy resolution. The performance of presentday gammacameras is examined from a historical perspective and the prospects for further improvements assessed. Knowledge acquisition, representation and reasoning in a.
Clearly, there are a large number of factors that contribute to the final image quality, including uniformity, resolution both intrinsic and energy, collimation and the hard. Once the camera is delivered and installed, verification of the camera specifications constitutes the first quality control test which is performed on the system. Pdf quality control of gamma camera with spect system is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body or the distribution of medically injected, inhaled, or ingested radionuclides. Quality control in medical imaging medical imaging instrumentation.
Quality control of nuclear medicine equipment includes both safety and performance tests. Spect quality control qc, artifacts, and corrections camera quality control artifacts qc of the imaging system is essential for acquiring clinically useful image data. Quality control of gamma cameras and nuclear medicine. Quality control qc the observation interpretation of clinical images taken ppt.
The detector of the gamma camera is placed over the organ to be scanned. Gamma camera systems are chosen based on departmen tal needs and the specifications which the manufacturers define as the camera performance characteristics. The author attempts to show quantitatively that spatial resolution of 25cm fieldofview cameras has reached a point where further advances can bring only diminishing returns clinically, unless improvements in sensitivity, or alternatively, in photon. The performance of presentday gamma cameras is examined from a historical perspective and the prospects for further improvements assessed. Quality control program a continuous quality control qc program must be established for the nuclear medicine imaging equipment with the assistance of a qualified medical physicist as outlined in the acrspr technical standard for diagnostic procedures using radiopharmaceuticals. Gamma is an important but seldom understood characteristic of virtually all digital imaging systems.
Our application allows direct comparison of data and statistics from different cameras through its ability to uniformly analyze a range of file. Gamma camera imaging of quality assurance in radioactive. Development of nemabased software for gamma camera. Continuing education acceptancetestingandqualitycontrol ofgammacameras,includingspect paulh. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems. Rotating scintillation camera spect acceptance testing and quality control, 1987 tg 177. For extrinsic and intrinsic uniformity a minimum of 15,000 counts is recommended. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. White, phd university of alabama at birmingham july 16, 2015.
The three key elements for checking the gamma camera are. In that case, the file gamma may represent a combination of the encoding gamma and the cameras gamma. The study has been done using the data from siemens symbia s series gamma. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera. External quality control of gamma cameras results of an. Development of nemabased software for gamma camera quality. Interpretation of clinical images taken with the gamma camera rely on the assumption that differences seen are due to. This paper gives a checklist for a variety of quality control tests including detector uniformity, detector resolution and. Tests for planar gamma camera imaging including uniformity, resolution, linearity, and. Basic principles of gamma camera imaging and quality control.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about quality control gamma camera ppt. Acceptance testing and quality control of gamma cameras. Pdf iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera. Some 28 nuclear medicine departments out of a total of 40 participated in a nationwide austrian interlaboratory comparison of the imaging quality of gamma cameras. Review of the gamma camera quality control program c. This paper gives a checklist for a variety of quality control tests including detector uniformity, detector resolution and linearity, center of rotation and spect resolution and. In order to localize the radiation from a given point in the organ and send it to an equivalent point on the detector, a collimator is placed over the base of the scintillation crystal. This lecture will provide an overview of the gamma camera and spect calibrations, performance measurements, and quality assurance tests, whether they are for routine quality control or annual physics surveys as defined by the acr accreditation program. Acceptancetestingandqualitycontrol ofgammacameras,includingspect. This lecture will provide an overview of the gamma camera and spect calibrations, performance measurements, and quality assurance tests, whether. Routine quality control of clinical nuclear medicine.
Gamma cameras image the radiation from a tracer introduced into the patients body. Abstract we have developed a crossplatform software application that implements all of the basic standardized nuclear medicine scintillation camera quality control analyses, thus serving as an independent complement to camera manufacturers. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera system presentation. Quality control protocol in order to perform quality control tests in practice, by means of a quality control protocol, on the gamma scintillation camera and the computer connected with it, it is important to be already familiar with the general principles of a planar gamma camera system as imaging device used in nuclear medicine. Routine qc testing starts after installation of the instrument, and after acceptance testing, and continues on a regular basis throughout its lifetime. Understanding gamma correction cambridge in colour. Safety tests include checks of condition and operation of radiation detectors, warning lights, radiation protection meters and the condition of radiation shielding as well as testing the. Resolution, sensitivity, and contrast in gammacamera. Toward standardising gamma camera quality control procedures. Routine maintenance, calibration, and quality control of gamma camera and spect imaging systems is crucial for providing the nuclear physician or radiologist images of high quality without artifact. Quality control of gamma cameras and nuclear medicine computer systems report 111 is the latest report from ipem on gamma camera quality control. Chapter 3 presents the concepts and general principles of quality control. Without gamma, shades captured by digital cameras wouldnt appear as they did to our eyes on a standard monitor. Quality control of gamma camera using phantom ct scan.
Quality control of gamma camera with spect system is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. Features that affect these performance characteristics will be discussed. Finally, a fourth group of phantoms are used to test software, which may consist either of programmes used to analyse patient studies or of reconstruction software. Computer aided scintillation camera acceptance testing, 1981 tg 22. The gamma camera is an imaging technique used to carry out functional scans of the brain, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys and skeleton. Optimal parameters for quality control of the gamma camera are proposed. Imaging and detectors for medical physics lecture 5. Planar scintigraphy used in nuclear medicine imaging emission imaging radioactive source inside patients body in both spect and planar scintigraphy radiation source used mainly 99 a 140 kev rays hence the name gamma camera. The scintillation gamma camera is a standard device available in every nuclear medicine department to obtain various organ images of patients. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and. Quality controls for gamma cameras and pet cameras.
Thirty year celebration of the contribution of nuclear medicine physicists in australia this led to the development of a gamma camera quality control analysis software package for dec gamma11 systems, by the rpah physicists in 1979. Routine quality control recommendations for nuclear medicine. Pdf assessment of gamma camera spect resolution using. Extrinsically includes the collimator spatial resolution phantoms orthogonal hole parallel line equal spacing ples. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Most digital cameras record light linearly, so their gamma is assumed to be 1. View and download powerpoint presentations on quality control gamma camera ppt. The most basic and sensitive routine qc test of a gamma camera is that of uniformity. We have developed a crossplatform software application that implements all of the basic standardized nuclear medicine scintillation camera quality control analyses, thus serving as an independent complement to camera manufacturers software. It is a diagnostic instrument which is used to image the radiation from a radiotracer inserted into patients body.
Phantoms of this type are designed either to test the imaging quality of a gamma camera or to test the quality with which a particular nuclear medicine procedure is being performed. Mar 10, 2014 it is one of the most basic qc tests of the gamma camera. Based on standard parameters of quality control, this program includes 1 for gamma camera. Quality control in cardiac nuclear medicine and cardiac ct. Pdf development of nemabased software for gamma camera. A later version of the basic anger camera is shown in figure 21.
It scans the radiation area of the radiotracer and pro. The purpose of this guidance is to introduce standards for quality control of nuclear medicine equipment and to give recommendations for a technical quality control programme. Moire interference in gamma camera quality assurance images. Checked daily by placing a small amount of a known source of. Pdf quality control of gamma camera with spect systems.
Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Uniformity flood images of 515 million counts each day of use, before imaging begins. Basic principles of gamma camera imaging and quality control sharon l. In nuclear medicine imaging, match the following quality control procedures with the relevant choice. Interpretation of clinical images taken with the gamma camera rely on the assumption that differences seen are due to differences in tracer distribution in the patient only and not differences introduced by the gamma camera. The purpose of quality control qc is to detect changes in the performance of a gamma camera system that may adversely affect the interpretation of clinical studies. Siemens orbiter gamma camera system with intrinsic resolution of 3. Gamma camera, spect, quality control, intrinsic uniformity. This quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems has been developed under the auspices of the iaea. However, the cameras gamma is usually negligible by comparison. The survey was completed within 2 months, employing instructors to administrate the tests. A discussion of common artifacts and how to avoid and correct them will be included.
Resolution, sensitivity, and contrast in gammacamera design. These recommendations cover routine quality control qc of instrumentation used within a nuclear medicine department. The content has been established from the contributions of many persons and represents a wide range of situations from around the world and from scintillation camera systems produced by. It defines the relationship between a pixels numerical value and its actual luminance. Lars johansson, in principles of translational science in medicine. Routine quality control recommendations for nuclear.
Additional periodic tests may be carried out to provide more indepth testing. As one would never take a camera with a broken lens on vacation, one should never use a spect or pet camera that is not functioning properly. The fundamental functional requirement of the software was that it implement nema quality control processing of digital imaging and communication in medicine dicom 4 format gamma camera data. Quality control guidance for nuclear medicine equipment. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and verification measurement. Acceptance testing and quality control of gamma cameras, including spect. In an attempt to help medical personnel and automate these tasks, a prototype expert system was developed. The participation was voluntary, and confidentiality of the individual results was guaranteed. The most commonly used tracer is technetium99m, a metastable nuclear isomer chosen for its relatively long half. The operation of the basic gamma camera is shown in figure 15. Oxford university press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. The objective of a quality control programme of the gamma camera is to assure that the findings in the patient examination have their origin in the patient and not in the gamma camera itself. Quality has become an unavoidable word in nm practice. Photopeak daily ensure isotope energy level centered over photopeak.
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